The analyses were replicated in a cohort of a different ethnic origin (Chinese of the Han ethnic group), composed of elite endurance athletes (runners) and healthy sedentary adults. We studied 82 Caucasian (Spanish) World/Olympic-class endurance male athletes, and a group of sex and ethnically matched healthy young adults ( controls, n = 197). It strives to promote the fun and fascination of worldwide stamp collecting to young and old alike, and has an active outreach program serving youth, their leaders and and stamp collectors of all ages and experience levels.The aim of this study was to determine the association between the rs6552828 polymorphism in acyl coenzyme A synthetase ( ACSL1) and elite endurance athletic status. The International Society of Worldwide Stamp Collectors serves the interests of all worldwide collectors.
In general these Michel stamp catalogues are more extensive in comparison to the English catalogues such as Scott and Stanley Gibbons.Elite athletic status is a complex phenotype, with several genetic polymorphisms, many of which remain to be identified, contributing to athletic success, whether individually or in combination with other polymorphisms. First published in 1910, it has become an important reference work for philately. Our findings suggest that the ACSL1 gene polymorphism rs6552828 is not associated with elite endurance athletic status in Caucasians, yet a marginal association seems to exist for the Chinese (Han) male population.Scott Catalogue, Gibbons, Yvert and Michel catalogs all use different arrangements for numbering regular and special-purpose types, and attach different importance to variations in paper, perforation, watermark and other types.The Michel catalogue (MICHEL-Briefmarken-Katalog) is the largest and best-known stamp catalog in the German-speaking world. The odds ratio (95%CI) for an elite endurance Chinese athlete to carry the G allele compared with ethnically matched controls was 1.381 (1.015–1.880) ( P-value = 0.04). In the Chinese cohort, genotype ( P = 0.973) and minor allele (G) frequencies were comparable in female endurance athletes and sedentary controls ( P = 0.881), whereas in males the frequency of the G allele was higher in endurance athletes (0.40) compared with their controls (0.32, P = 0.040).
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max). In sedentary Caucasians to study the association of 324,611 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the trainability of one of the main phenotype traits indicative of human endurance performance, i.e. A GWA study was recently conducted by Bouchard et al. This type of studies evaluates association of genetic variation with outcomes or traits of interest by using 100,000 to 1 million or more markers across the genome without any previous hypotheses about potential mechanisms.
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Thus, the purpose of the present case:control study was to determine the association between the ACSL1 rs6552828 polymorphism and elite endurance athletic status. Board rules preclude small transactions so the basic idea is that individuals can either swap or send for free the stamps that fill the gaps.The findings of GWA studies should be further explored in genetic association studies focused on those SNPs showing the highest level of association. Email to friends Share on Facebook - opens in a new window or tab Share on Twitter - opens in a new window or tab Share on Pinterest - opens in a new window or tabThis thread is designed to supplement the already vibrant ‘Swap’ and ‘Sales’ threads but is aimed at those of us who have just one gap left to fill for the complete set. The ACSL1 gene is a candidate to explain individual variability in endurance performance, as well as in some health-related phenotypes, owing to its potential role in aerobic metabolism at the adypocite, cardiomyocite, liver and skeletal muscle fiber level , , , , .
Their mean±SD VO 2max was 78.0☑.7 ml·kg −1·min −1 (range: 69, 87). All had participated at least twice in previous Olympiads and 11 of them were medallists in previous World or Europe Championships. This sample included 22 elite endurance runners (mostly 5,000–10,000 m specialists). 9 Scott, R.A., Irving, R., Irwin, L., Morrison, E., Charlton, V., Austin, K., et al.The population originally comprised:93 endurance elite athletes aged 19–39 years ( cases). Owing to the important putative role of ACSL1 in aerobic-related phenotypes , , , , , we hypothesized that the ACSL1 rs6552828 polymorphism is associated with elite endurance athletic status.Elite athletes and the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme. We also studied a replication cohort of a different ethnic origin (Chinese of the Han ethnic group), composed of elite endurance athletes ( cases), and healthy sedentary adults ( controls).
Inclusion and exclusion criteria for this group were to be free of any diagnosed cardiorespiratory disease and not to be engaged in competitive sports or in formal, supervised exercise training (i.e. All were undergraduate Physical Education students from the same university (UEM). The mean VO 2max of the whole athletic cohort was 73.7☖.4 ml·kg −1·min −1.197 healthy, non-athletic controls aged 19–32 years (VO 2max: 50.2☐.3 ml·kg −1·min −1). Each had won ≥ one bronze, silver or gold medal in the lightweight category (skip or scull, including a total of 6 gold medals) in the World Championships held during 1997–2006. The endurance athletic cohort also comprised 39 rowers who were among the best in the World, i.e. Their mean±SD maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max) was 74.5☑.7 ml·kg −1·min −1 (62, 86).
Genotype calling was performed in real time with MassARRAY® RT software (version 3.0.0.4) and analyzed using the Massarray Typer software, version 3.4 (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA).The main finding of our study was that the ACSL1 rs6552828 SNP, located in the first intron of the ACSL1 gene, 715 bp and 718 bp upstream of exon 2 and the start codon, respectively, was not associated with elite endurance athletic status in Spanish men, yet a marginal association was found in Chinese men. The completed genotyping reactions were spotted onto a 384 well Spectro Chip using a MassARRAY® Nanodispenser and determined by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). The reaction mix was desalted by adding 6 mg of cation exchange resin (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA), mixed and resuspended in 25 µl of water. The SBE conditions were as follows: 94☌ 30 s, 94☌ 5 s, 5 cycles at 52☌ for 5 s, 40 cycles at 80☌ for 5 s, and final extension at 72☌ for 3 min. Thereafter, the single base extension (SBE) over the SNP was combined with 0.755 µl of water, 0.2 µl of 10X iPLEX buffer (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA), 0.2 µl of termination mix, 0.041 µl of iPLEX enzyme (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA), and 0.804 µl of 10 µM extension primer.
ACSL1 is highly expressed in major energy-metabolizing tissues such as fat, liver, and skeletal muscles. Activation of FFA to acyl-CoA is required before FFAs can be oxidized to provide ATP. Long-chain acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetase (ACSL) isoenzymes, of which ACSL1 is the main and most studied isoenzyme convert free fatty acids (FFA) to acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) in an ATP-dependent manner, simultaneously activating and trapping FFA within cells.
Mice lacking ACSL1 specifically in adipose tissue have defects in adipose FFA oxidation , whereas those unable to express ACSL1 in heart ventricles show compensatory catabolism of glucose and amino acids leading to mTOR activation and cardiac hypertrophy without lipid accumulation or dysfunction. The role of ACSL1 in FFA oxidation in different tissues has been shown using transgenic mice models.
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